THE WHOLE HISTORY OF BURKINA FASO
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Welcome to Countries Facts so Today in this Article I will show you the history of burkina faso includes the history of various kingdoms within the country such as the mossy kingdoms as well as the later french colonization of the territory and its independence as the republic of upper bolta in 1960. ancient and medieval history iron production occurred in regions near darula at least as far back as the 8th century bc and was widely practiced across the region by the 5th century bc furnaces mines and surrounding dwellings dating from this time period are found across the country recent archaeological discoveries at borah in southwest niger and in adjacent southwest burkina faso have documented the existence of the iron age borah culture from the 3rd century to the 13th century the borah ascendant system of settlements apparently covered the lower niger river valley including the borough region of burkina faso further research is needed to understand the role this early civilization played in the ancient and medieval history of west africa laura pini is a pre-european stone ruin which was linked to the gold trade between the 14th and 17th centuries it is a world heritage site from medieval times until the end of the 19th century the region of burkina faso was ruled by the empire building mossy people who are believed to have come up to their present location from northern ghana where the ethnically related to gamba people still live for several centuries mossy peasants were both farmers and soldiers during this time the mossy kingdom successfully defended their territory religious beliefs and social structure against forcible attempts at conquest and conversion by their muslim neighbors to the northwest french upper volta when the french troops of kimberly arrived and claimed the area in 1896 mossy resistance ended with the capture of their capital at wagaduku in 1919 certain provinces from ivory coast were united into french upper volta and the french west africa federation in 1932 the new colony was split up for economic reasons it was reconstituted in 1937 as an administrative division called the upper coast after world war ii the mossie actively pressured the french for separate territorial status and on september 4 1947 upper volta became a french west african territory again in its own right a revision in the organization of french overseas territories began with the passage of the basic law of july 23 1956. this act was followed by reorganizational measures approved by the french parliament early in 1957 that ensured a large degree of self-government for individual territories upper bolto became an autonomous republic in the french community on december 11 1958. on july 11 1960 france agreed to upper volta becoming fully independent republic of upper volta the republic of upper volta declared independence on august 5th 1960. the first president mauricio mayoko was the leader of the voltaic democratic union the 1960 constitution provided for election by universal suffrage of a president and a national assembly for five-year terms soon after coming to power yamayoga banned all political parties other than the udv yamayoga's government was viewed as corrupt and said to perpetuate neocolonialism by favoring french political and economic interests which had allowed politicians to enrich themselves but not the nation's peasants or small class of urban workers the government lasted until 1966 when after much unrest including mass demonstrations and strikes by students labor unions and civil servants the military intervened and deposed yamayogo in the 1966 upper voltan coup d'etat the coup leader suspended the constitution dissolved the national assembly and placed lieutenant colonel sangul lamazana at the head of a government of senior army officers the army remained in power for four years on june 14 1970 the vultans ratified a new constitution that established a four-year transition period toward complete civilian rule lamazena remained in power throughout the 1970s as president of military or mixed civil military governments he faced a major crisis in the form of the sahel drought and was sent in 1973 to the un and the u.s in order to secure aid after conflict over the 1970 constitution a new constitution was written and approved in 1977 and lamazaina was re-elected by open elections in 1978. lamazina's government faced problems with the country's traditionally powerful trade unions and on november 25 1980 colonel said cerbo overthrew president lamazena in a bloodless coup colonel cerbo established the military committee of recovery for national progress as the supreme governmental authority thus eradicating the 1977 constitution colonel cerbo also encountered resistance from trade unions and was overthrown two years later on november 7 1982 by major dr jean baptiste wadrago and the council of popular salvation the csp continued to ban political parties and organizations yet promised a transition to civilian rule and a new constitution infighting developed between the right and left factions of the csp the leader of the leftists captain thomas sankara was appointed prime minister in january 1983 but subsequently arrested efforts to free him directed by captain blaise compori resulted in a military coup d'etat on august 4 1983. the coup brought sankara to power and his government began to implement a series of revolutionary programs which included mass vaccinations infrastructure improvements the expansion of women's rights encouragement of domestic agricultural consumption and anti-desertification projects burkina faso on august 2nd 1984 on president sankara's initiative the country's name was changed from upper volta to burkina faso the presidential decree was confirmed by the national assembly on 4th of august sankara's government formed the national council for the revolution with sankara as its president and established popular committees for the defense of the revolution the pioneers of the revolution youth program was also established sankara launched an ambitious socio-economic program for change one of the largest ever undertaken on the african continent his foreign policies were centered on anti-imperialism his government denying all foreign aid pushing for odious debt reduction nationalizing all land and mineral wealth and averting the power and influence of the international monetary fund and world bank his domestic policies included a nationwide literacy campaign land redistribution to peasants railway and road construction and the outlawing of female genital mutilation forced marriages and polygamy sankara pushed for agrarian self-sufficiency and promoted public health by vaccinating two million five hundred thousand children against meningitis yellow fever and measles his national agenda also included planting over 10 million trees to halt the growing desertification of the sahel sankara called on every village to build a medical dispensary and had over 350 communities build schools with their own labor five-day war with mali on christmas day 1985 tensions with mali over the mineral-rich agatur strip erupted in a war that lasted five days and killed about 100 people the conflict ended after mediation by president felix of way boini of ivory coast the conflict is known as the christmas war in burkina faso many of the strict austerity measures taken by sankara met with growing resistance and disagreement despite his initial popularity and personal charisma problems began to surface in the implementation of the revolutionary ideals rule of blaze compori the cdrs which were formed as popular mass organizations deteriorated in some areas into gangs of armed thugs and clashed with several trade unions tensions over the repressive tactics of the government and its overall direction mounted steadily on october 15 1987 sankhara was assassinated in a coup which brought captain blaise kompowari to power kampoori captain henri zango and major jean-baptiste bukhari langani formed the popular front which pledged to continue and pursue the goals of the revolution and to rectify sankara's deviations from the original aims the new government realizing the need for bourgeois support tacitly moderated many of sankara's policies as part of a much discussed political opening process several political organizations three of them non-marxist were accepted under an umbrella political organization created in june 1989 by the fp some members of the leftist organization poor law democracy popular movement do travail were against the admission of non-marxist groups in the front on september 18 1989 while kampoori was returning from a two-week trip to asia lengani and zongo were accused of plotting to overthrow the popular front they were arrested and summarily executed the same night kampoori reorganized the government appointed several new ministers and assumed the portfolio of minister of defense and security on december 23 1989 a presidential security detail arrested about 30 civilians and military personnel accused of plotting a coup in collaboration with the burkinabe external opposition a new constitution establishing the fourth republic was adopted on june 2nd 1991. among other provisions it called for an assembly of people's deputies with 107 seats the president is chief of state chairs a council of ministers appoints a prime minister who with the legislature's consent serves as head of government in april 2000 the constitution was amended reducing the presidential term from seven to five years enforceable as of 2005 and allowing the president to be re-elected only once the legislative branch is a unicameral national assembly consisting of 111 seats members are elected by popular vote for five-year terms in april 2005 president kompowari was re-elected for a third straight term he won 80.3 percent of the vote while benue and stanislaus sankara came a distant second with a mere 4.9 percent in november 2010 president kampoori was re-elected for a fourth straight term he won 80.2 percent of the vote while hama arba diallo came a distant second with 8.2 in february 2011 the death of a schoolboy provoked an uprising in the entire country lasting through april 2011 which was coupled with a military mutiny and with the strike of the magistrates see 2011 burkina faso uprising overthrow of kampoori in june 2014 kampoori's ruling party the cdp called on him to organize a referendum that would allow him to alter the constitution in order to seek re-election in 2015 otherwise he would be forced to step down due to term limits on october 30th 2014 the national assembly was scheduled to debate an amendment to the constitution which would have enabled kompowari to stand for re-election as president in 2015. opponents protested this by storming the parliament building in wakadugu starting fires in sighted and looting offices billowing smoke was reported to be coming from the building by the bbc opposition spokesman parky emil pereira of the people's movement for socialism federal party described the protests as burkina faso's black spring like the arab spring campori reacted to the events by shelving the proposed constitutional changes dissolving the government declaring a state of emergency and offering to work with the opposition to resolve the crisis later in the day the military under general honore traurae announced that it would install a transitional government in consultation with all parties and that the national assembly was dissolved he foresaw a return to the constitutional order within a year he did not make clear what role if any he envisioned for compilory during the transitional period kampoori said that he was prepared to leave office at the end of the transition on october 31 campori announced he had left the presidency and that there was a power vacuum he also called for a free and transparent election within 90 days yakuba isaac zeta then took over the reins as head of state in an interim capacity on november 17 2014 a civilian michelle coffondo was chosen to replace ceta as transitional head of state and he was sworn in on 18th of november coffondo then appointed zita as prime minister of burkina faso on november 19 2014. on july 19 2015 amidst tensions between the military and prime minister zita kofondo stripped zita of the defense portfolio and took over the portfolio himself he also took over the security portfolio previously held by zetas ally august denise berry as part of the same reshuffle he appointed mosa neby to replace himself as minister of foreign affairs september 2015 failed coup d'etat on september 16 2015 two days after a recommendation from the national reconciliation and reforms commission to disband the regiment of presidential security members of the rsv detained president coffondo and prime minister zeta and installed the national council for democracy in power with gilbert deandear as its chairman the military chief of staff brigadier general pingranomatsagre called on members of the rsb to lay down their arms promising in a statement that they would not be harmed if they surrendered peacefully coffondo was believed to remain under house arrest until 21 september when he was reported to have arrived at the residence of the french ambassador the regular army issued an ultimatum to the rsp to surrender by the morning of 22nd of september coffondo was reinstalled as president at a ceremony on 23rd of september in the presence of equais leaders on 25th of september the rsp was disbanded by government decree on 26th of september the assets of deendear and others associated with the coup as well as the assets of four political parties including the cdp were frozen by the state prosecutor jubril basol and eddie camboyo who were barred from standing as presidential candidates both had their assets frozen basil was arrested on 29th of september for allegedly supporting the coup 2015 general election on october 13 2015 it was announced that general elections would be held on november 29 2015. the congress for democracy and progress was banned from running a presidential candidate but was still able to participate in the parliamentary election the presidential election was won by rock mark christian cabaret of the people's movement for progress who received 53 percent of the vote in the first round negating the need for a second round the parliamentary election was also won by mpp which scored 34 71 of votes and won 55 seats in the national assembly followed by the union of progress and reform in the congress for democracy and progress cabaret was sworn in as president on december 29 2015. on january 7th 2016 he appointed paul cabatheba as prime minister 2018 status the 2018 cia world factbook provides this updated summary burkina faso is a poor landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall irregular patterns of rainfall poor soil and the lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure contribute to the economy's vulnerability to external shocks about 80 percent of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop the country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base cotton and gold are burkina faso's key exports the country has seen an upswing in gold exploration production and exports while the end of the political crisis has allowed burkina faso's economy to resume positive growth the country's fragile security situation could put these gains at risk political insecurity in neighboring mali unreliable energy supplies and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges civil unrest continue to be problematic according to the report the country experienced terrorist attacks in its capital in 2016 2017 and 2018 and continues to mobilize resources to counter terrorist threats the cia report also states that burkina faso's high population growth recurring drought pervasive and perennial food insecurity and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens the report is optimistic in some aspects particularly the work being done with assistance by the international monetary fund a new three-year imf program approved in 2018 will allow the government to reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments I hope you guys this Article will be informative for you we will see you soon in the next one ByeBye.
